Multiculturalism In Canada :: Immigration, Ethnic Diversity

Multiculturalism In Canada Canada has for quite some time been designated The Mosaic, because of the way that it is comprised of a shifted blend of races, societies and ethnicities. As an ever increasing number of outsiders come to Canada looking for a superior life, the populace normally turns out to be progressively differing. This has, thusly, spun an incredible discussion over multiculturalism. A portion of the issues enduring an onslaught are the political state's strategies concerning multiculturalism, the perspectives of Canadians around these arrangements, movement, the worldwide market, and an essential issue is the training and how to introduce the material in a manner to annoy minimal measure of individuals. There are numerous minor departure from these subjects as will be talked about in this paper. In the 1930's few instructors called for projects of social assorted variety that energized ethnic and minority understudies to examine their separate legacies. This is definitely not a straightforward accomplishment because of the way that there is a lot of decent variety inside individual societies. A glance at the 1991 Canadian statistics shows that the populace has changed more observable over the most recent ten years than in some other time in the twentieth century, with one out of four Canadians distinguishing themselves as dark, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander, Metis or Native. (Gould 1995: 198)Most individuals, from teachers to thinkers, concur that a significant initial phase in effectively joining numerous societies is to build up a comprehension of every others foundation. In any case, the likenesses stip there. One issue is characterizing the tem multiculturalism. At the point when it is taken a gander at essentially as significance the presence of a socially incorporated society, numerous individuals have no issues. Nonetheless, when you go past that and attempt to propose an alternate method of showing up at theat socially incorporated society, everybody appears to have an alternate conclusion on what will work. Since instruction is at the foundation of the issue, it may be fitting to utilize a model in that specific situation. In 1980, the American school, Stanford University concocted a program - later known as the Stanford-style multicultural educational plan which expected to acclimate understudies with customs, theory, writing and history of the West. The program comprised of fifteen required books by journalists, for example, Plato, Aristotle, Homer, Aquinas, Marx and Freud. By 1987, a gathering called the Rainbow Coalition contended the way that the books were totally composed by D WEM's or Dead White European Males. They felt that this sort of educating prevented understudies the information from securing commitments by minorities, ladies, and other abused gatherings.

Report of Transcom Beverage Bd Essay Example

Report of Transcom Beverage Bd Essay Example Report of Transcom Beverage Bd Paper Report of Transcom Beverage Bd Paper Section 1 (presentation) TRANSCOM 1. 1: Company outline: Overview: based on an elite Franchise for Bangladesh from Pepsico USA, TBL procured threemodern packaging plants at Dhaka, Chittagong and Bogra from BBIL, Dhaka; EBIL, Chittagongand NBIL, Bogra; in March 2000. TBL makes the acclaimed Pepsi scope of drinks Pepsi, 7up, Mirinda Orange, Mirinda Lemon, Slice and Soda. As a corporate resident Pepsicobelieves it has an obligation to add to the personal satisfaction in our networks. TBL hasput vigorously this way of thinking throughâ support of social offices, activities and projects and thescope of this help is broad andâ it has not been hard to mix with this way of thinking sincethe TRANSCOM bunch additionally followed such aâ corporate philosophy. 1. 2 Objective of the investigation: Broad target: Marketing Mix(4 pâ ¶s) Analysis and Competitors Evaluation? Explicit destinations: To discover the business arrangement of Transcom Food Beverage ltd. To know the showcasing technique of Transcom Food Beverage ltd. To discover the estimating Transcom Food Beverage items. To discover the Transcom Food Beverage ltd. ommunication framework. To discover the result of  Transcom Food Beverage in  last year To discover theâ last year item execution of  Transcom Food  Beverage ltd. 1. 3 Limitations of the investigation: In each exploration many work there is a few impediments that the analyst faces while preparingdifferent exercises. During the time spent the e xploration work,â we likewise confronted certain constraints thathampered the real discoveries and investigation of our examination work. A portion of these notablelimitations can be recognized are: The point is for the most part centered around item showcasing technique of Transcom Food Beverage Ltd. Transcom is a gathering of organization. Be that as it may, here we underlining on  TranscomFood Beverage Ltd. So it appears to us as aâ limitation of the examination. They are occupied with their normal undertaking. Along these lines, it turns out to be very hard for them to givetime to the pariahs. And furthermore there areâ some decides and guidelines with the goal that we cannotenter to the administrative center. Along these lines, that we need to converse with their organization officers,staffs,employes . That was a bigâ limitation for us. We got just 2-3 weeks to set up this report. This could be a constraint of this examination. We hadâ faced power issue which expended ourâ lot of time. It was a major confinement for us. Section - 2 Research Methodology 2. 1: Sampling Plan: Sampling Procedure: The testing strategy has been led on thedeliberate examining technique has utilized whereâ the respondents and the interviewees. Inspecting Unit: In request to complete theâ research work, the investigation was engaged ontaking the meetings of the staff associated with the Transcom Food refreshment ltd. 1. Number of respondents: 20 2. Age run: 20-40 3. Occupation: Student, housewife, serviceâ holder 4. Monetary status: Higher, white collar class, lowerâ class. 5. Geographic area: Dhaka and outside dhaka. 2. 2 Data Collection Techniques: Questionnaire: Unstructured and open-finished surveys (if it's not too much trouble see informative supplement) were solicited to theâ differentpeople from various territories of Bangladesh to discover whether they are happy with Products of Transcom Food Beverage ltd or not. Perceptions: When we visited the Gulshan office of  Transcom Beverage that time we utilized our ownobservations to gather certain pieces ofâ information about their item promoting procedure, newproduct execution just as coming result of  Transcom foodâ Beverage ltd. Auxiliary Information: Secondary data has collectedâ by assessing sites and a few articles printed time totime and other significant archives. . 3: Sources of Data Collection: Primary: The essential data is assembled throughâ informal meetings of the  employees working overâ there under  Transcom Food Beverage. Optional: Secondary sources had alsoâ used to gather data. Auxiliary sourcesâ include: Different articles, list of Transcom Food  Bever age ltd. Visiting site of Transcom Company. Physical visiting to Transcom Beverage production line. Different sources Chapter - 3 Finding and investigation (section 1) 3. 1 Business Portfolio of Transcom Beverage: Beverage Items: 1. Pepsi 2. Diet Pepsi 3. Pepsi Blue 4. Pepsi Light 5. 7Up 6. Up ice 7. Mountain Dew 8. Cut 9. Mirinda 10. Mirinda Orange Food Items: Pizza Hut K FC 3. 2: The advertising techniques: Transcom Beverage is one of the leadind soda pops proveder. Their answers technique leveragesone of our most prominent resources an arrangement of exceptional quality. separate these solutionsofferings dependent on our inside and out customer understanding, with a solid spotlight on social area. 3. 2. (1): Packaging and Branding: Packaging: Packaging includes planning and delivering the holder or wrapper for aproduct . Bundling plays aâ part in conveying drinks toâ customers securely. In all of  the creation offices, they limit bundling waste from the provisions they receive,and they endeavor to reuse, reuse, or recoup however much as could reasonably be expected of their waste. be that as it may, Blow-forming is an assembling procedure usedâ in the plastics and polymers ventures to make hollowbut solid compartments for their customers. Polyethylene Terephthalate (P. E. T. ) bottles aremanufactured utilizing the blow-shaping procedure. As of now, we areâ constructing a blow-moldingproduction line at the Raleigh creation office. By executing the blow-shaping process,we will wipe out the requesting, delivering lizing of pre-madeP. E. T. bottles. Marking: 7 Up is a brand of a lemon-lime seasoned non-stimulated delicate drinkâ . The rights tothe brand are held by Dr Pepper Snapple Group in the United States, and PepsiCo (or itslicensees) in the remainder of the world, including Puerto Rico, where the concentrateâ is manufacturedat the Pepsi office in Cidra. The7 Uplogo incorporates a red spot between the 7 and Up; this redspot has been vivified and utilized as a mascot for the brand as Cool Spot. KFC is under the Yum! Brand name. Yum! likewise possesses Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, LongJohn Silvers and AW, with in excess of 35,000 cafés around the globe. Item situating: An item can be positionedâ in the brains of the client by 1. Keeping up appropriate properties 2. Offering wanted advantages 3. Utilizing solid convictions and qualities. 4. Proceeds with correspondence Pepsi has consistently been brand thatâ embodies the most predominant youth conclusion. Over theâ years as youth has advanced, soâ have Pepsi’s situating and language. Itâ has, be that as it may, consistentlystood for what the young rely on  ± directly from  µYeh Dil Maange Moreâ ¶ to  µYeh HaiYoungistaan Meri Jaanâ ¶. Brand situating of 7. up: Theâ brandâ ¶s suggestion of ? Ekdum Asli Indian? Completely RealIndian) was acquired alive on outside some intriguing ways. KFC : A provincial credit association that had a picture that was obsolete and didn't reflect theirâ positioning . Their exceptional selling position was oneâ to one relatiomship with their client whowere for the most part common laborers person. They likewise handeled the entirety of their promoting and publicizing 3. 2. (2): Pricing of Transcom food and drink Products: Transcom food thing value( pizza cottage kfcâ ) Productâ name  Mrp KFC( special Burger) 180. 00â +â vat KFC(regular) 120. 00â +â vat KFC(Bucket) 850 + vat KFC(French fry) 95 + vat KFC( Soft Drinks) 20. 00â +â vat Pizza Hut(6 inc pizza) 280. 00â +â vat Pizza Hut(12 inc pizza) 520. 00â +â vat Pizza Hut(18 inc pizza) 950. 00â +â vat Pizza Hut(burger) 150. 00â +â vat Pizza Hut(shorma) 95. 00â +â vat Transcom refreshment thing price(soft drinks) Product Name           MRP Pepsiâ (250â ml)  â â â â â â â â 12. 00tk Pepsiâ (500â ml)  â â â â â â â â 28. 00tk Pepsiâ (1â liter)  â â â â â â â â 50. 00tk 7Up(250 ml)  â â â â â â â â 12. 00tk 7Up(500 ml)  â â â â â â â â 28. 00tk 7Up(1 liter)  â â â â â â â â 50. 00tk MountainDew(250ml)  â â â â â â â â 12. 00tk MountainDew(500ml)  â â â â â â â â 28. 00tk Mountain Dew(1liter)  â â â â â â â â 50. 00tk Sliceâ (250ml)  â â â â â â â 15. 00tk Mirinda(250â ml)  â â â â â â â 12. 00tk Mirinda(500â ml)  â â â â â â â 28. 00tk Mirinda(â 1â liter)  â â â â â â â 50. 00tk 3. 2. (3): Transcom food and drink correspondence process Television: The TV advertisement by and large thought about the most significant media. For thisâ â reason,when  Transcom Beverage launchâ a new item they first make a significant advertise,because TVadvertisment get the eyes of client quickly. Individuals are empowered bythe new television advertisment. Internet: Nokia likewise utilize the web and World Wide Web for their overall communicationprocess. Their promotions incorporate logical advertisements that show up on web crawler results pages. Occasion Sponsor:  Every year Transcom Beverage  sponsor different kinds of program. By doing this they getpublicity in a roundabout way. For Example now and then pepsi organize football and Criket coordinate. They likewise mastermind   Cultural work, show and so forth. Press Advertising: Press publicizing depicts promoting in a print medium such asâ newspaper, magazineand diary. Transcom food and drink print their advertisements by pressâ medium. Billboard:  This is one of the well known medium in correspondence process. Its expense is not exactly tvcommercials. On the off chance that anybody miss the TVads or press publicizing ideally they will �

Morrisons PLC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Morrisons PLC - Essay Example uncommonly during a period where extreme rivalry and rising costs of working together in basic food item have crushed net revenues accessible to retailers. Morrisons has as of late experienced misfortunes as it has attempted to incorporate the Safeway chain of stores into its own retail base, which has made its yearly benefits drop generously. Its offers plunged 3% in 2005, to recoup to some degree before the year's over and close off at 183 p or a 2% plunge of 3.75 pence.(Flanagan, 2005). Rather than the expectations of monetary experts of a pay of around 225 million pounds, it just posted benefits of around 134.2 million pounds before tax collection, with an income for each portion of 3 pounds and 52 pence.(www.morrisons.co.uk, 2006/7). In 2006 in any case, the position has improved for the 52 weeks that finished January 29, 2006, according to the amended pay proclamation that has as of late been distributed by Morrisons.(www.morrisons.co.uk, 2007). While the misfortunes before tax collection were accounted for as 312.9 million pounds, a similar figure shoots upward to 374.4 million pounds when considering the Safeway change costs. Notwithstanding, the balanced pay before tax collection is 61.5 million pounds benefit, with net benefit after assessments being 45.9 million pounds. Be that as it may, as brought up over, the profit per portion of the Company have dropped to 3.52 pounds per share in 2006. The present offer costs of Morrison stock is in the scope of 250 to 260 pence and has been moving inside this range to around 350 pence, which is a normal of around 3 pounds for every offer. The cost to income proportion is in this way 3/3.5 = 0.87, which gives a sign that the stock might be overrated when contrasted with the profits that are being created from it. Profit on stocks are not generous either, and the significant expense to income proportion gives a sign that that speculators may not be effectively seeking after acquisition of this stock on account of their discernment that it doesn't offer high potential for gain and is in

Analysis Of Financial Reporting And Financial Statement Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

JP Morgan Chase Co (NYSE: JPM) is one the biggest financial institutions in the United States and is one of the respected in the whole world. JP Morgan Chase Co stand today for over 200 year back history and heres JP Morgan Chase stand today: Leading world financial services institution with assets of $2.1 trillion. Active operating in more than 60 countries. Built of more than 200,000 employees. Serves millions of consumers, small businesses  and many of the worlds most prominent corporate, institutional and government clients. A leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers, small business and commercial banking, financial transaction processing, asset management and private equity Its stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average Activities of JPMorgan Chase Co are organized, for management reporting purposes, into six business segments, as well as Corporate/Private Equity. The Firms wholesale businesses comprise the Investment Bank, Commercial Banking, Treasury Securities Services and Asset Management segments. The Firms consumer businesses comprise the Retail Financial Services and Card Services segments. A description of the Firms business segments and the products and services they provide to their respective client bases is provided in the Business segment results section of M anagements discussion and analysis of financial.  [1] Competition JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries and affiliates operate in a highly competitive environment. Competitors include other banks, brokerage firms, investment banking companies, merchant banks, hedge funds, insurance companies, mutual fund companies, credit card companies, mortgage banking companies, trust companies, securities processing companies, automobile financing companies, leasing companies, e-commerce and other Internet-based companies, and a variety of other financial services and advisory companies. JPMorgan Chases businesses generally compete on the basis of the quality and range of their products and services, transaction execution, innovation and price. Competition also varies based on the types of clients, customers, industries and geographies served. With respect to some of its geographies and products, JPMorgan Chase competes globally; with respect to others, the Firm competes on a regional basis. The Firms ability to compete also depends on its ability to attract and retain its professional and other personnel, and on its reputation. The financial services industry has experienced consolidation and convergence in recent years, as financial institutions involved in a broad range of financial products and services have merged and, in some cases, failed. This convergence trend is expected to continue. Consolidation could result in competitors of JPMorgan Chase gaining greater capital and other resources, such as a broader range of products and services and geographic diversity. It is likely that competition will become even more intense as the Firms businesses continue to compete with other financial institutions that are or may become larger or better capitalized, or that may have a stronger local presence in certain geographies.  [2] Competitors JP Morgan Chase Co for last annual year has increased its market capitalization, companys size and riskiness, by 147.77b compared with other investment banking instructions like Bank of America Corporation 113.16b and City Group, Inc 119,40b. The Employees number in JP Morgan Chase Co is 236,810, which is less then Bank of America Corporation by 41,190 and less then City Group, Inc by 21,190, which may imply to that JP Morgan Chase Cos employees is much more profitable and managerial behaviors might be more unite and consistent achievable on organizing staff operation. Quarterly revenue growth is 11,20%, the lowest compared to other competitors and industry. The highest is 48.70% quarterly growth of Bank of America Corporation. Total revenue of JP Morgan Chase Co is 90.08b. Its really impressive, it reaches nine times more then industry, and its almost 20b and 40b respectively more then Bank of Americas and City Group, Incs total revenue. It seems, they gain more on inves tment security sales, interests on loans, on credit card rates, trading assets and etc. Net income of JP Morgan Chase Co is 14,30b, and compared with Bank of America Corporation it is 21.48b more, with City Group, Inc it is 9.05b more. Within the industry Barclays PLC has gained in net income 5.25b, and gives fist place to JP Morgan Chase Co stepping down on second place. Barclays PLC stands first with earnings per share 5.22 leaving JP Morgan Chase Co for second high 3.59. Bank of America Corporation and City Groups, Incs EPS (earnings per share) is considerably really low, almost by -21% and 1.3% of JP Morgan Chase Cos earnings per share and they might releasing more shares, which increases the number of total shares further diluting the net earnings. JP Morgan Chase Co is might be more efficient at using its capital to generate income. The consumer businesses include: Branch, ATM, Telephone and online banking, Small businesses Credit Cards, Home finance and home equity loans, Auto Finance, Education Finance, Retirement and Investing, Retail checking . The commercial banking businesses include: Middle Market, Mid corporate, Commercial real estate, Business credit, Equipment Finance, Commercial Term leading, Community development J.P. Morgan clients include the worlds most prominent corporations, governments, wealthy individuals and institutional investors. These businesses use the  J.P. Morgan brand: Investment Bank, Asset management, Treasury services, Worldwide security services, Private banking, Private Client services, online equity partners. Recent developments in JP Morgan Chase Co are: Commits $10 billion  in lending to support small businesses. Raises more than $150 billion since 2009  for state and local governments, hospitals and educational facilities. Offers more than  900,000 mortgage modifications  for struggling homeowners. Provides financing  for affordable housing and community development projects. Direct competitor comparison: Letter to Shareholders The past two years have been among the most extraordinary and challenging in recent history for JPMorgan Chase, the financial services industry and the global economy. JPMorgan Chase has endured a once-in-a-generation economic, political and social storm, the impact of which will continue to be felt for years or even decades to come. As we see signs of recovery and the debates about financial reform wage on, its easy for us to forget the fear and panic we felt a year ago. The market was down an astonishing 50% from its 2008 highs to its low on March 9, 2009. For JPMorgan Chase, these past two years have been part of a challenging, yet defining, decade. JPMorgan Chase began it as three separate companies: Bank One, Chase and J.P. Morgan, with each facing serious strategic and competitive challenges. Today, their strategic position is clear, and JPMorgan Chase is a leader in all of its businesses. If you had been a Bank One shareholder from 2000 to year-end 2009 (this repres ents approximately 40% of the current company) and you held on to your stock, you would have received a total return on your investment of 131%. Over the same time period, if you were a Chase or J.P. Morgan shareholder, your returns would have been 12% and 70%, respectively. By comparison, the Standard Poors 500 Index was down 9% over the same period. Throughout this decade, we made and executed on many transformative decisions. When the global financial crisis unfolded in 2008, the people of JPMorgan Chase understood the vital role their firm needed to play and felt a deep responsibility to their many stakeholders. It is this sense of responsibility that enables us to move beyond the distractions of the moment and stay focused on what really matters: taking care of their clients, helping the communities in which they operate and protecting their company. It is because of this focus even amid the daunting and ongoing challenges that JPMorgan Chase is able to weather this ec onomic crisis and continue to play a central, if sometimes misunderstood, role in rebuilding the U.S. economy. This is a testimony to the collective strength of character and commitment of their people. On March 16, 2008, JPMorgan Chase announced its acquisition of Bear Stearns at the request of the U.S. government; on September 25, 2008, 10 days after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, JPMorgan Chase bought Washington Mutual. JPMorgan Chase loaned $70 billion in the global interbank market when it was needed the most. With markets in complete turmoil, JPMorgan Chase was the only bank willing to commit to lend $4 billion to the state of California, $2 billion to the state of New Jersey and $1 billion to the state of Illinois. Additionally and, frequently, when no one else would JPMorgan Chase loaned or raised for their clients $1.3 trillion, providing more than $100 billion to local governments, municipalities, schools, hospitals and not-for-profits over the course of 2009. Overall results performance improved from 2008 but still was not great. JPMorgan Chase revenue this year was a record $100 billion, up from $67 billion in 2008. The large increase in revenue was due primarily to the inclusion for the full year of Washington Mutual (WaMu) and the dramatic turnaround in revenue in JPMorgan Chases Investment Bank. Profits were $12 billion, up from $6 billion in the prior year but down from $15 billion in the year before that. While these results represent a large improvement over 2008, they still are an inadequate return on capital a return on tangible equity of only 10%. Relative to the competition of JPMorgan Chase, the company fared extremely well. JPMorgan Chase did not suffer a loss in any single quarter over the two-year crisis (we may have been one of the few major global financial firms to achieve this). In absolute financial terms, however, our results were mediocre.  [3] Recent news: JP Morgan Chase crosses pivot point support at $39.65 as of Nov 16, 2010. Smart Trend has detected shares of JP Morgan Chase have bearishly opened below the pivot of $40.14 today and have reached first level of support $39.65. In the past 52 weeks, shares of JP Morgan Chase have traded between a low of $35.16 and high of $48.20 and are now at $39.23, which is 12% above the low price.  [4] JP Morgan Chase says European stocks may overhoot in 2011; RBS sees 20% gains. JPMorgan Chase Co. advised investors to buy European equities for the coming 6 to 12 months, while Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc forecast stocks may rise potentially very strongly in 2011. We are very bullish on equities on a rolling 6-12 months horizon, with the potential for a 99 type of extreme upward move not to be dismissed, JPMorgan strategists Mislav Matejka and Emmanuel Cau wrote in a report today, adding that returns on a 5- to 10-year period will be poor. RBS strategists Ian Richards and Graham Bishop in London forecast gains of 20 percent for European stocks. Rarely has the valuation of the equity market appeared so anomalous in the context of other asset classes, Richards and Bishop wrote. But another dose of liquidity, normalising inflation expectations, and a corporate sector that is at last showing signs of using the exceptionally low cost of debt to drive shareholder return, all bode well for an aggressive valuation re-appraisal.  [5] The benchmark St oxx Europe 600 Index has climbed 17 percent since May as the U.S. Federal Reserve boosted its asset- purchases plan to stimulate growth, offsetting concern that Greece and Ireland may struggle to reduce their budget deficits. The index is still trading at 12 times its companies estimated earnings, down from a ratio of almost 16 at the end of 2009.  [6] Stock Market Research As of last trade of 22nd Nov, 2010, the market value per share of JP Morgan Chase Co was $ 38.51. Price range in the latest trading day, the lowest was $ 38.21 and the highest was $ 39.02. Price range in the last 52 weeks, the lowest was $ 35.16 and the highest was $ 48.20. The volume (the number of shares) traded on the last trading day was 54,216.00 and average volume over 30 days is 44.71M. Market capitalization (the total value of the company in a stock market), which is calculated by multiplying total shares outstanding by the current price per share is 148.63B. Price to earnings ratio (the ratio of the stock price to the sum of its reported earnings) is 10.60. Latest dividend (divined per share paid to shareholders) is $ 0.05 and dividend yield (value of the latest dividend, multiplied by number of times dividends are typically paid per year, divided by stock price) is $ 0.53. Net income per share according to the most recently quarterly report is $ 3.59. The measure of a fu nds or stocks risk in relation to the market or to alternative benchmark Beta is 1.12 .  [7] Analysing market activity over the most recent 10 years, the market value per share of JP Morgan Chase Co fall the lowest price on 6th March, 2009 by $ 15.97 and the highest was on 24th March, 2000 by $ 64.15. From 2000 to October, 2002, the companysstock price stable was falling down and afterwards to April, 2007 it was stable growing as the financial position of company has increasingly changed. Annual dividends issued on 2000 was $1.06 , has gone stable from 2003 to 2007 $1.36, reached highest on 2008 by $1.52 and as of 2010 reached the lowest by $0.20. In past 10years the companys stable grow was on 2006, total assets increased by 12.72%, return on common equity increased by 4% and book value per share increased by 8.92% as it from previous year, where the net income reached almost the second highest by $ 14,444. The highest income was $ 15,365 during the year of 2007, as the total assets increased by 15% from previous year but the provision for credit losses had almost doubled up as from 2006. From April, 2009 the company has started to get back to its stable financial position in a stock market. 8 Computing ratios and comparing to industry norms. Operating liquidity available for business, net working capital, of JP Morgan Chase Co through the three years from 2007 to 2009 are negative, which derives from less current asset then current liability respectively through this years, and constantly growing on negative making working capital deficit. As of negative working capital in the company through this years, it is currently unable to meet its short term liabilities with its current assets. The current ratio of the company has fall from 0.71 (2007) to 0.25 (2009) which indicates of its not favorable. Usually its suggests that if the companys current ratio is less then 1, it would not be able to pay off its obligations, and it doesnt really mean that it may derive to bankruptcy, only showing that the company is not in a good financial health. The same situation with the companys quick ratio, as it represents the companys short term liquidity , through the years from 2007 to 2009, it is falling indicating the companys pos ition poor. The cash flow liquidity ratio of JP Morgan Chase Co is 0.78 , 0.38 , 0.52 from 2009 to 2007 respectively, indicating whether or not the company has enough money from its current operations to pay off its current liabilities, and if it is less then 1, it indicates of the companys non-solid financial health. But its slightly raised more then, double times from 2008 to 2009, which showing improvement in current operation. The debt ratio of the company is decreasing leaving it positive sign, as it showing the company is paying off its short term debt or possibly refinancing its short term debt to long term debt. The proportion of debt and equity the company using to finance its assets was low on 2009, by 2.38 and the highest was on 2007, by 2.82 . To find out if the company goes in real financial trouble if it cannot pay an interest on its debt, we may check through its times-interest-earned. On 2007 the companys time-interest-earned was 0.864, which was most likely t o pay on its interest on debt rather then, two following years. On 2009, free cash flow of the company reaches $121,897,000, and represents cash the company is able to generate after laying out money required to maintain or expand its asset base. The company is quickly turning its accounts receivables into cash with successfully executing its credit policies on 2007 when its accounts receivables reached 2.875 but the company missed up its potential sales with strict credit policies on 2008 when its accounts receivable turnover reached 1.103 low. The company has been less effective in the use of investment made in the company from 2007 to 2008, as its asset turnover falls from 2.875 to 1.103, then from 2008 to 2009 the company slightly has started to be more effective on a use of investment. The accounts payable was falling from 2007 to 2008 which explains that the company paid off to supplier longer then it used to be and from 2008 to 2009 the accounts payable was raising indi cating the company paid supplier as a faster rate. The company received more profit of its sales on 2007, when it was 21.52% and as well as $4.38 on earnings per share and 1.05% on return on assets. Overall the companys profitability is better than the last years results. JP Morgan Chase Cos share price compared to its earnings per share, price-earnings ratio, as of 2010 is 9.5 and it is decline on 59% from 2008, and increase on 20% from 2007 to 2008. Price-earnings ratio does not really useful for investors. It is good if, its compared with the same industrys P/E to make any actual decision, because different Industry Companys growth prospects are much different. Dividend yield and dividend rate change more often because of dividend, market share value and earnings per share are regularly changeable. Dividend yield measures how much of return will one share of stock bring. Dividend yield and dividend rate declined on about 5% from 2008 to 2009 and the same decline was from 2 007 to 2008, 61% on dividend yield and 20% on dividend rate. To recognize the level of safety of each share after all debts paid, JP Morgan Chase Cos book value accordingly increased on 10% from 2008 to 2009, and almost remained unchangeable from 2007 to 2008. In case of if company liquidate, the amount of book value, a holder of common share would get, more high the book value less risk it may occur to an shareholder. Report of analysis, on each financial statements. The assets of JP Morgan Chase during 2006 and 2007 has increasingly changed as the total asset increased from 2006 to 2007 by 15%, respectively other assets fall by 11% , but the role of quick liquid cash, current assets, increased by 76% but the property plan and equipment had remained almost unchanged just playing small role of 6%. The highest total assets increasing happened through 2007 to 2008 by 39% where in opposite current asset fall by 50% and other assets increased by 120% and PPE increased only by 7%. And at the same year liabilities increased on long term liabilities by 76%, capital by 55% and current liability and treasury stock respectively increased by 32% and 35%. The companys liquidity plays really important role to the companys financial position. In the recent year, the companys total assets, current asset and other asset have fallen respectively decreased by 6%, 4% and 7% , and only PPE has been increased by 10% where didnt really played a big role. Property plan and equipment plays really small role as we could see on vertical trend, it has only 0.5 % power over whole asset in total. And through these three years current asset decreased by 30%, so accordingly the companys cash and cash equivalent, prepaid expenses, marketable securities, accounts receivables and other easy converted to cash assets have decreased. But in other hand other assets of company had been increased by 30%, where loans, long term assets and intangibles had been respectively increased. Treasury stock has been fallen up to the 70% and capital by 13% on the recent year of 2009. Overall analysis tells us about that the JP Morgan Chase Co had a good grow during 2006 to 2008 and then has been shaken up in the first quarter of 2008, where gave final result for 2009 negative. Changes in cash from operating activities of JP Morgan Chase Co had increased enormously by 123% from 2006 to 2007 and cash from investing activities had fallen by 27%. By the of the 2007 peri od net change in cash had fallen by 107% where cash from financial activities and effect of exchange rate on cash respectively increased by 20% and 113%. Next year change in cash had decreased enormously by 4844% same as net cash from operating activities and overall effect of exchange rate decrease by 220%. On 2009, net change in cash increased by 95% which drown from a big increase on cash from operations and effect on exchange rate, but the only cash from financial activities and investing activities had fallen by 110% and 161%.  [9] Conclusion Strong buy The decision was made to buy strongly the shares of the company, now. The first reason to do the purchase of the stocks now is the rational decision according to present financial position of the company. The risk of investment in any financial institution has been high during financial crisis but JP Morgan Chase Co did well during past two years compared with other related industry. On the other hand, some may claim that price of shares is increasing as well. In this case, it will be more reasonable to buy now in order to sell for the more expensive price possible. The decision to buy is made according to a good impression of JP Morgan Chase Co made during the previous periods of a difficult financial situation which company did overcome. In spite of decline of many figures on financial statements and high number of debts JPM presented a steady platform for the growth potential, plus insider trading analysis showed that employees of the company keep their stocks , in other words still believe in the prosperity of the company. During the examination for the growth potential there were found a lot of articles of the financial consultants with the positive comments on JPMs future development. JP Morgan Chase Co has not suffered any loss in any quarter for the last two years. The companys earnings growth rate is pretty high than the industrys and which conclude that the company is in strong financial growth. There is still risk of financial crisis, despite the companys performance within the financial market is much more getting better but it is not great as the same time.

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You will be able to explain the uses and limitations of financial statements as well as being competent to prepare them. You will possess an in- depth understanding of the following topics for the purpose of being able to use and prepare financial statements of for-profit entities: time value of money fair value and the nature of markets cash and receivables inventory valuation acquisition and disposal of property, plant, and equipment depreciation, impairments, and depletion intangible assets revenue recognition You will be able to explain the differences between US GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards for the topics covered in this course. You will have basic skills to research financial accounting issues using the Financial Accounting Standards Boards (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC). Miscellaneous Information Primary Prerequisite: A C or better in Accounting 201 and 202, or a grade of C or better in Accounting 306. A is insufficient. Just because you were allowed to register, does not mean that you have met the prerequisites. We will write a custom essay sample on Presentation assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In may be a few weeks, but you will be dropped from the course if you do not have the prerequisites. Many f the required materials are on Blackboard. You should check the Announcements on Blackboard frequently. In some cases, you may be contacted by email. Please check your email frequently, and be sure your preferred email address has been updated. Your quizzes and your homework are assigned via the Connect system. Connect is described on the last page of this syllabus. You should check the Connect system each day to make sure you meet the deadlines. The first Connect assignment is due on the third day of class. You have three options to contacting me outside of class; email, office, and phone. Each option has its advantages. I check my email frequently whether I am in the office or not. Expect a quick response to your email questions. Email allows me to provide greater detail when answering questions about problems. It also provides you with a reference in case you forget the details what was discussed. Feel free to drop by my office whether it is my office hours or not. If I am away from the office, my office number generally rings through to my cell phone. I am generally available trom 9 Saturday. 30 a. m to TOO p. m. Monday through Makeup Exams are only given for students with serious medical problems or equired university sponsored events (e. . , scholarship football is excusable, flag football is not). Makeup exams will not be given for work-related reasons. If you have a conflict, it is best to contact the instructor ASAP. In all cases, you must contact the instructor at least 4 days prior to the exam. 2 Academic Misconduct: The penalty for academic misconduct of any kind includes, but is not limit ed to, an F (failing grade) in the course and letters to the Director of the School of Accountancy, the College of Business Administration Dean, and the University of Nebraska Dean of Students. The UNL Student Code of Conduct is available on the UNL website. Academic misconduct includes, but is not limited to, helping other students commit academic misconduct, copying or photographing the exams, fabricating excuses, altering grading marks, soliciting someones help to commit academic misconduct, and using unauthorized materials or sources during the completion of individual work. The examinations are the property of the instructor and must be turned in at the end of the exam and at the end of exam review classes. Leaving the classroom or my office with an exam is academic misconduct. The written cases and Connect quizzes are for individual work only. Discussion of your cases constitutes academic misconduct. It is also academic misconduct to work Connect quizzes with other students or transmit information about them before the due date. Grades Your grade will be based on the five exams, class participation, Connect homework, Connect quizzes, FASB research assignments, and a written case. The first exam is worth 80 points. The second, third, fourth, and final exams are worth 100 points each. Every exam is comprehensive. Class participation counts 60 points. Connect homework assignments count 50 points. Connect quizzes are worth 50 points. FASB research assignments Count 20 points. The written case is worth 15 points. There are a total of 675 possible points. Grading Scale = 94-100% A 8=81 -87% c-71-77% A-=89- c-=70- D+ not given D = 61 -70% Please be aware that a C or better in this course is a prerequisite for Accounting 314 and 412. AC- is not sufficient. A C or better in Accounting 314 is a prerequisite for Accounting 404 and 410. Excused absences for exams are only given for serious medical problems and university sponsored events (e. . , scholarship football is excusable, flag football is not). Please contact me if you are in doubt. During class, you should take notes. If you do not understand what is being discussed, you should ask questions. Asking questions is a positive part of your class participation grade (see below). Extra credit opportunities are never offered to individual students and rarely for the class as a whole. If there are extra credit opportunities, they will be announced on Blackboard. You can earn 3 points (not % points) for attending a lecture at the Lied Center on October 3, 2013 from 3:30 to 4:30 pm. There are no makeup opportunities. The Speaker is Dr. David Callahan, author t several books including The Cheating Culture: Why More Americans Are Doing Wrong to Do Well. Class Participation Grade To increase objectivity of these grades, I record daily notes on each students class attendance, tardiness, and participation. For your class participation grade, you will be allowed two absences without penalty, and absences in the first week are not counted in your grade. Subsequent absences will cost you percentage points of your grade. There are 37 non-exam class days excluding the first three class days. As an example, if you miss 7 days, your maximum participation grade is 85. 71% (37-7)/ 37-2). To receive this maximum grade you must be consistently prepared and participate. Your participation is Judged from three factors: your responses to questions put directly to you, asking questions, and volunteering to answer questions posed to whole class. You are expected to do all of the these. Partial credit is given for days in which you are unprepared or late, and therefore, your grade will be better if you attend. However, tardiness is counted as between 25% and 100% of an absence; between O and 3 minutes is 25%, 3-9 minutes is 50%, 10-25 minutes is 75%, and more than 25 minutes is 100% of an absence. I strongly encourage you to get rest when you are sick, attend funerals, attend non-required University activities, go on interviews, take the CPA exam, etc. Although these are legitimate reasons for missing class, these absences will not be excused in your grades calculation. Excused absences will only be given for serious medical conditions. A note from the medical center saying that you were there is not sufficient as an excused absence. My expectations regarding your preparation, attendance, and participation are similar to those you will experience in your professional career. Because these expectations are usually higher than students, the average grade for class participation is expected to be about 80%. Unfortunately, past experience has shown that some students will earn a failing (e. g. , 50%) class participation grade, and in a few cases, an extremely low grade (e. g. , 10%). Other Course Policies 1 . Although I seldom invoke this clause, I reserve the right to add to or subtract from any students final point total or percentage ten percent of the total points available in this course. This alteration is entirely subjective and based upon the instructors rofessional opinion and may include, but is not limited to such factors as: talking without being called upon, homework, attendance, effort, attitude, furtherance of the interests of the class, demeanor, or any other relevant factor. 2. Cell phones, iPods, etc. are not allowed during exams. Bring a watch if you need to know the time. You eyes must be visible to the instructor during the exams. 3. If you need accommodations under the Americans with Disabilities Act, you should contact the office for Services to Students with Disabilities (SSD) in 132 Canfield Administration Building, 4723787 as soon as possible (ASAP). . In general, the course syllabus will not be changed after the first day of class. However, if there is a typo on the syllabus, it will be announced on Blackboard ASAP. 5. If I find any errors in the syllabus or text, I will post them on Blackboard. If you find possible errors, please let me know. 6. If you are an honors student and wish to take this class for honors credit, please see me ASAP. How to Study and Class Conduct. 1. You are expected to be in class every day and BE ON TIME. Do not eat in class. You may drink only water in class. Do not talk or disrupt class. 2. You should check or Blackboard Announcements and new Connect assignments each weekday. 4 These announcements include changes to the assignments and topics to be covered. The problems to be covered in class are listed at the end of each chapters lecture notes. You should keep a list of questions and continually revise it as you study. 3. Simple topics may be covered in a single day; more complex topics are normally covered over two days as follows. For each topic: Before Day 1: Read the lecture notes. Read the book while simultaneously referring to the lecture notes. To the extent practical, work the homework on the topics to be covered on Day 1. During class†Dayl: We will discus the material with examples. Some examples may be on the Connect Homework. For simple topics, the material is often completed on Day 1. Take notes. Participate. Make a list of key concepts. 5 Between Day 1 and Day 2: ASAP, review material and examples Just covered. Give yourself a self test on the key concept list you made during class. Complete Connect homework. Work the homework problems to be covered on Day 2. You will be called on to work homework problems in class. During class†Day 2: We problems on topics covered on Day 1. Take notes. Participate. Connect homework solutions are available mmediately after the DUE date, normally at 9:30 a. m. Solutions to homework covered in class are available later that afternoon. Solutions to the supplemental problems are always available at the completion of the chapter, sometimes sooner. After Day 2: Review material and examples Just covered. Solutions are available later that day. Work supplemental exercises until you get them right without any help from the book. At completion of chapter, work Connect Quiz. Just before the exams, read the lecture notes. Review homework by reading the questions, thinking about how to work the question, then checking your answers. For topics you are struggling with, review the exercises covered in class, read the book, and work supplemental exercises until you can do them right without help from the book. 4. Several topics are often covered in a single day. It is impossible to know precisely which topics will be covered on the following day. Therefore, the above process is a guideline only. Use your best Judgment in implementing the process above. 5. Your study will be much more efficient and effective if you follow the above steps ASAP. Putting most of your study time right before exams is effective is some classes, but procrastination in Accounting 313 works poorly. 6. You must check Connect every day to be sure that you do not miss any assignments. 7. During class, you should participate and take notes. Because my lecture notes are available, you will not need to summarize a large amount of technical material during class. The solutions will be made available after class so do not need to write down the numbers in detail. You will be able to focus on the nuances of the material, examples which illustrate the concepts, views expressed in the discussions, steps needed to work the problems, any uncertainties you have about the material, etc. 8. In addition to the assigned homework, supplemental problems, and quizzes, the Publishers Documents section of Blackboard includes additional quizzes, PowerPoint presentations, Excel templates, flash cards, and narrated PowerPoint slides. Connect also contains optional LearnSmart study modules (conceptual), and Self-Quiz and Study (numbers problems). 9. The assigned problems, supplemental problems, quizzes, etc. are provided for learning purposes; they range from easy to challenging. In contrast, the exam questions test your mastery ot the material. Theretore, many ot the problems are much easier than those on the exams. . Highlighting or underlining text is a common study habit which is less effective than many students think. This is true in large part because most students highlight too much material. If highlighting significantly adds to the time it takes you to read the text, you should reconsider whether to highlight. If you use highlighting, make an effort to be very Judicious in what you highlight. 6. Rereading the lecture notes is extremely useful and efficient. Rereading the textbook can improve your grade. However, rereading the textbook is often very time consuming, and there are usually better ways to spend your study time. This is especially true if you are rereading the text more than once. A better alternative is to work practice problems, referring to the text when needed. Do not forget to keep working NEW problems on each topic until you can get them right without referring to the book or other notes. However, do NOT work new problems on a topic until you understand the previous problems on that topic. 7. Some material does not lend itself well to problems. 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Impact of Milk and Dairy Products on the Health - Research Paper Example eople seek to maintain a healthy lifestyle for themselves within their busy day-to-day life schedule. In this context, the eating habits and diet followed by individuals is considered a crucial point of discussion. Notably, people take food to fulfil the recommended nutrition requirements by the body. According to Ludke, Phillip, and Obermiller these requirements are fundamental to maintain a healthy and sustainable body. However, for different people, the intake of the recommended milk intakes could seem low, yet Michaelson, et al reveal that even at low intakes, D-galactose causes changes in the human body similar to natural aging in animals. Evidently, the health of any individual is directly or indirectly motivated with understanding the reactions of their bodies to different milk and dairy products and their food habit. In general, the diet involves two forms, which include vegan food and animals-based food products. Vegan foods involve the food items that are directly sourced f rom plants while the animal-based products are obtained from animals such as meat, fish, and on some occasions, daily products. Based on Blackburn (2014), the issue regarding the difference in animal-based products and plant-based products has been a topic of wide debate. Correspondingly, the aim of this particular study is to gain a better comprehension of the concept of plant milk.For the longest time, the consumption of milk has been common amongst both the young and the old universally given its perception as a dietary behaviour .

Microsoft Wk 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Microsoft Wk 2 - Essay Example This was followed by IBM which reported sales revenues reaching $22.485 billion; and Oracle in 3rd place at $20.958 billion (van Kooten, 2011). Despite the dominance of Microsoft, one strongly believes that competition within the software industry has been stiff, especially in the last decade, as evidenced by the increasing numbers of new and innovative software companies that enter and participate within this sector. From the information gathered and generated by Software Top100 and as reported by van Kooten and Verberne (2009), there has been fastest growing software companies that aimed to compete and even topple the leadership position nestled by Microsoft. From among the fastest growing software companies noted, Google (headquartered in the USA) topped the list with a remarkable growth rate of 455%; followed by Kaspersky (from Russia) at a growth rate of 177%; and the third by Nintendo (of Japan) with a reported growth rate of 113% (1). The table below would clearly support that competition within the software industry sector has reflected intense pressure: The lure for financial growth in terms of sales revenues, net profits and vast opportunities offered by the fast developments that technological applications and software development has reflected paved the way for the increased competition, as seen. Further, the report of van Kooten (2011) revealed that the number of entrants and also departures from this sector also prove that stiff competitive pressures either make or break the existence, sustainance and continued support for software companies. In addition, just like in other fast moving industries and sectors, especially within the technological development and applications industry, some industry players apply diverse corporate strategies to fight for market shares. Some large organizations decide to acquire other smaller companies to expand market share and improve

Iraq War Essay Example for Free

Iraq War Essay The past decade had been one of the few significant eras for international relations and international politics. Various activities and phenomenon had occurred which made such era a memorable moment in which the topics of decision making including the people whom creates and enacts the decisions had become significant. One of the numerous events which had occurred in the past happened during the day of September 11, 2001 in which two buildings in New York City were seen by all the people in the world to be crashing slowly in front of their eyes. This news was spread in different parts of the world and made a mark in the history. The violent actions or the terrorists created a difference in the relationship of various states most especially United States and also led to different actions of the offended state. As said by different analyst, newspaper columns and politicians, it is said that one of the major results of the September 9, 2001 event was the war in Iraq which was launched by the United States. Many various speculations were theorized by the different people and one of the most common speculations was that United States wanted to have revenge against the terror that they have experienced. Different theorists have presented their point of view regarding the situation and stated that the few reasons were: 1. the September 9, 2001, Saddam Husseins stock of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq and the stock of oil in Iraq. The three speculations were the most talked about and debated by known personalities in politics and in media. As the war continues on, the interest of the United States were slowly presented to the world. After the United States invaded the state of Iraq, the troops of the Americans seek for the weapons of mass destruction but then, the group was not successful in finding any weapon which could threaten the whole world. The prosecution of Saddam Hussein became the last reason for the United States to occupy Iraq. However, the United States did not leave Iraq immediately—which was expected by most of people at watch of the situation. The situation of Iraq war was influenced by different actors within the international community. Different organization as well as individuals became involved in the resolution and the activities of the War in Iraq. The most significant personality in the Iraq war was President George W. Bush Jr. The United States President acted as the main person that lead the whole nation to war and encouraged the world to join in the battle against terrorism. Another actor was the former Prime Minister of United Kingdom Tony Blair. Tony Blair, together with President Bush teamed up in order to fight the violent groups in which promoted terroristic activities. The United Nations also became a great part in the actions in which the United States had taken. The organization of the United Nation became the actor in which the actions of United States were justified. The United Nations was one of the international organizations in which supported the mission of the United States to pursue its goals to put a stop in the violent actions of groups and individuals. Another great influence in the decision to attack and invade Iraq were the republicans in which were really persistent in the promotion of war against terrorists. For the masses to understand the decision making processes in the Iraqi war the theoretical framework called â€Å"Global Complexity† was used by McGoldrick in order to understand the process as well as the decision making of the actors. McGoldrick provided the â€Å"tipping points† which he took from John Urrys definition: â€Å"three notions: that events and phenomena are contagious, that little causes can have big effects, and that changes can happen in a non-linear way but dramatically at a moment when the system switches† (McGoldrick 2004, p. 8). However, in the written work of Daniel Masters and Robert Alexander they stated that President George Bushs administration molded the war related to September 9, 2001. The administration became the â€Å"front† of the whole state to justify the actions that the state had made. The authors stated that President George Bush made use of the situation of the devastating event and then made the hearts of the American Nation follow to the desires as well as the beliefs of the President. (Masters and Alexander, n. p. ) References Masters, D. S. and Alexander, R. M. (2007, Mar) Framing War: The 9/11-Iraq link and public support for the Iraq War Paper presented at the annual meeting of the WESTERN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION, La Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada. Online PDF Retrieved 2008-08-20 from http://www. allacademic. com/meta/p176638_index. html. McGoldrick, Dominic. (2004) ‘9-11’ To the ‘Iraq War 2003’: International Law In An Age Of Complexity. Oxford and Portland, Oregon: Hart Publishing.

Imagination in the Rime of the Ancient Mariner versus Kubla Khan Essay

To the Romantics, the imagination was important. It was the core and foundation of everything they thought about, believed in, and even they way they perceived God itself. The leaders of the Romantic Movement were undoubtedly Samuel Taylor Coleridge and his close friend, William Wordsworth. Both were poets, and both wrote about the imagination. Wordsworth usually wrote about those close to nature, and therefore, in the minds of the Romantics, deeper into the imagination than the ordinary man. Coleridge, however, was to write about the supernatural, how nature extended past the depth of the rational mind. In two works by Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan, both works regard the imagination as vitally important. In the Ancient Mariner, the imagination (or rather, the lack of it) condemns the Mariner to a kind of hell, with the fiends of sterility, solitude, and loneliness: â€Å"’God save thee, Ancient Mariner, from the fiends that plague thee thus! Why look’st thou so?’ ‘With my crossbow I shot the Albatross’†. In Kubla Khan, the imagination of an external being, the narrator that Coleridge created, the ideal critic, can create a masterpiece that far outstrips the meager piece of work that even the emperor of a huge, rich civilization can produce: â€Å"I would build that dome in air, a sunny dome! Those caves of ice! And all who heard should see them there, and all should cry, Beware! Beware!† In Kubla Khan, the imagination can even make people fear an otherwise inconsequential event, sequence, or organism. However, in the two works by Coleridge, the imagination takes on different roles in each world. In the Ancient Mariner, the imagination is the substance that holds all life together, much like how the millio... ...ubla Khan, the imagination is more of a physical, creative force, with more raw power than finesse. With it, works such as a pleasure-dome full of physical paradoxes can be inspired, created, and described, far better than with the words of a critic alone â€Å"A sunny pleasure-dome with caves of ice!†. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner has it that the imagination is more of an intangible force, subtle yet with as much power as the imagination in Kubla Khan. It connects the huge array of creatures on the Earth together, and without the imagination, they would, die in the end, one by one. However, in both works, there is a mutual consent that the imagination allows the imaginer to gain insight into many wondrous, spectacular, and otherwise incomprehensible feats and workings of nature, things that cannot be explained by the mere application of reason and mathematics alone. Imagination in the Rime of the Ancient Mariner versus Kubla Khan Essay To the Romantics, the imagination was important. It was the core and foundation of everything they thought about, believed in, and even they way they perceived God itself. The leaders of the Romantic Movement were undoubtedly Samuel Taylor Coleridge and his close friend, William Wordsworth. Both were poets, and both wrote about the imagination. Wordsworth usually wrote about those close to nature, and therefore, in the minds of the Romantics, deeper into the imagination than the ordinary man. Coleridge, however, was to write about the supernatural, how nature extended past the depth of the rational mind. In two works by Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan, both works regard the imagination as vitally important. In the Ancient Mariner, the imagination (or rather, the lack of it) condemns the Mariner to a kind of hell, with the fiends of sterility, solitude, and loneliness: â€Å"’God save thee, Ancient Mariner, from the fiends that plague thee thus! Why look’st thou so?’ ‘With my crossbow I shot the Albatross’†. In Kubla Khan, the imagination of an external being, the narrator that Coleridge created, the ideal critic, can create a masterpiece that far outstrips the meager piece of work that even the emperor of a huge, rich civilization can produce: â€Å"I would build that dome in air, a sunny dome! Those caves of ice! And all who heard should see them there, and all should cry, Beware! Beware!† In Kubla Khan, the imagination can even make people fear an otherwise inconsequential event, sequence, or organism. However, in the two works by Coleridge, the imagination takes on different roles in each world. In the Ancient Mariner, the imagination is the substance that holds all life together, much like how the millio... ...ubla Khan, the imagination is more of a physical, creative force, with more raw power than finesse. With it, works such as a pleasure-dome full of physical paradoxes can be inspired, created, and described, far better than with the words of a critic alone â€Å"A sunny pleasure-dome with caves of ice!†. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner has it that the imagination is more of an intangible force, subtle yet with as much power as the imagination in Kubla Khan. It connects the huge array of creatures on the Earth together, and without the imagination, they would, die in the end, one by one. However, in both works, there is a mutual consent that the imagination allows the imaginer to gain insight into many wondrous, spectacular, and otherwise incomprehensible feats and workings of nature, things that cannot be explained by the mere application of reason and mathematics alone.

Direction and Purpose Essay

Metaphors provide creative images for readers. They give flavor to literature and allow free interpretation of a piece; thereby making a conversation in a story, an image in a poem, a symbolism in the plot and such, more interesting. Through the use of such a figure of speech, the images are laid bare and presented fresh. This creates an interaction between the reader, the author and the piece; as readers are made to analyze the images presented and the idea that the metaphor is trying to introduce. It seems the poem, â€Å"Manila†, efficiently develops the metaphor that is the Philippines society during the colonial era, through a timeline. It takes the problem of colonial Manila into the modern Filipino mindset. The poem begins with an introduction [Lines 1-3], which gives us the first glimpse of the similarities between the city of Manila and the hermit crab. The succeeding stanzas [4-8] elaborate the physical conditions of the country’s capital and finally, the poem concludes [l9-14] with the mentality upheld by the nation. To appreciate how metaphors lay bare Espino’s â€Å"Manila†, let us analyze the imagery create in the poem, line by line. Unlike most poems, â€Å"Manila† begins with an epigraph from Nick Joaquin, which reads: â€Å"Dust and crabs, dust and crabs.† We can assume that this quote gives a foreview of what Federico Espino’s poem will highlight. Though very little is conveyed in this line, we are able to suppose that the metaphor will hold significance to the poem proper. Dust may be described as either something that depicts age or some remains of an explosion. We also know of crabs as an animal that crawls and has claws. Crabs are also able to survive on land for short periods of time and can literally live on dust. â€Å"Manila† begins with the line: â€Å"A hermit crab beside the tide of times,† if we look at the concept of the hermit crabs as a description of Manila, the line merely tells us that time has passed. It tells us that Manila has an old history and that it has endured much. The next line: â€Å"She bears the traces of her former homes/ the shells of foreign cultures and the slime,† tells us that the country’s history contributes much to its identity. The city has withstood much to the point that it is now isolated and delayed in comparison to the developments of other countries. The â€Å"former homes† are the shells that the crab has already left behind. The â€Å"foreign cultures† such as that of the Spanish, British, Japanese and Americans have all freed the country, yet their influences – dating back to colonial times – still linger. But as hermit crabs changes its shell, Manila now looks for a new â€Å"shell† of protection as she enters another era – whilst trying to retain its identity. Even with the passing of time, the mix of culture is still protected and preserved, which the narrator describes as both positive and negative – implying that though the foreigners have given us a rich culture, they have made us endure much â€Å"slime† and shit (considering that slime is a gastropod’s mucus secretion) in order to take what was rightly ours – freedom. In the succeeding lines: â€Å"Now she looks for food as small waves comb/Upon the shore where bits of driftwood lie†, we now see a direction in the poem. Again it highlights how the hermit crab searches for something and we now see she looks for food. Keeping in mind that food is parallel to life – since it is necessary in sustaining life – the hermit crab looks for nourishment in a place which seemingly has very little to give. From Nick Joaquin’s â€Å"Sa Loob ng Maynila†, we understand the devastation in the city when it served as the center of the revolution, and we see that starting anew is difficult when one is left on what is being portrayed as a deserted island. As expected, â€Å"she finds nothing in her hungry quest/ Instead she hears the raucous seagull’s cry/ Which is a shriek beyond the rock-ribbed nest.† In these lines, the seagulls – natural predators of the hermit crab – are foreign countries. We can assume that not only are we looking up at the seagulls but that they are also in a position to take advantage of us. In relation to the Philippines’ history, foreign countries are soaring. Other countries progress and it is a mockery when – ironically – the countries we defeated fighting for our independence are now more stable than we are – they still rise above us. We are still beneath them in a sense to the point we have to crawl in order to get anywhere. These lines are merely creating the image of a third world country. All seems futile, especially when you have nowhere else to go. â€Å"It mocks her as she crawls upon the sand— The sidewise movement of the hermit crab/ Which Dylan saw on a deserted strand/ And used as a metaphor in runes that throb† It is possible that Dylan represents a foreigner (since it is a typical name for an American boy) and he saw our â€Å"aimless wandering† and toke advantage of it – however, this is more of a hunch than a legitimate argument. What is clear though, is the point of our sideways movement, which is the natural direction a hermit crab follows. By this we can concur that the movement has become innate. We are not moving forward. We want so much, yet work so little. Perhaps, these lines also imply that we search in all the wrong places. â€Å"With life. Yes, this city is a pair of claws/ Creeping, crabbing with all its tragic flaws.† These last lines of the poem summarize the intent of the entire poem. Here it is implied that the people of the Philippines are aware of the damage in their society. Slowly, almost lifelessly, the Filipinos attempt to move through the things we dislike in our country. We complain so much yet we do very little – and perhaps that is our downfall. True there is no prefect nation, but in most nations you see a progression. In reference to Nick Joaquin’s opening epigraph, perhaps the dust is the remains of those countries that once colonized us. We never bothered to clean up what was left to us – good and bad. Espino hints that perhaps that is why we are not moving forward, there is too much to fix all at once. And this can be related to what we call â€Å"crab mentality† or the Filipinos’ attitude of clawing at those who have gotten ahead to pull them back again. We â€Å"creep† and â€Å"crawl† in our own flaws – in our own mistakes – instead of picking ourselves and walking. It is our own claws that hold us back. The generalizations made by Espino are obvious. Though the title is â€Å"Manila† is it clear that the city, being the â€Å"heart† of colonial Philippines, is a synecdoche for the entire country. And when all aspects of Espino’s Manila are examined, we see that the metaphor is in the intricate, descriptive design of the Philippines as a hermit crab trapped on a deserted island. Though she is attempting to escape, she is crawling blindly in no particularly direction. It seems not much has change. Though â€Å"Manila† was written a long time ago, it is relatively surprising that the text paints Manila in a sad, accurate manner. We fought for our freedom. Now we merely struggle with it. It seems our nation cannot decide independently; like a hermit crab, we depend on our symbiotic relationships. We cannot survive alone and we rely on what can be give to us by those who â€Å"protect† us. The dependence relayed in the poem explains why we have no direction, no purpose, and no resources. We are – truly – stuck.

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